Oddsmakers in Las Vegas probably aren't betting against Linux, but the operating system's users and vendors both believe that its old-style command-line interface makes it a long shot for moving beyond its current niche as an Internet infrastructure building block.
In 1654, when people hand-wrote letters instead of subscribing to e-mail list services, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat exchanged missives that established the basic principles of probability and ushered in the notion of risk management. Pascal's motive was to gain an edge in gambling, but he unwittingly helped improve a CIO's odds at venturing into new operations, such as e-commerce, as much as lending a hand to a chief financial officer's investments.