Some of the world’s most popular Windows programs are vulnerable to a major bug in how they load critical code libraries, according to sites tracking attack code.
Among the Windows applications that can be exploited using a systemic bug that many have dubbed “DLL load hijacking,” are the Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera browsers; Microsoft Corp.’s Word 2007; Adobe Systems Inc.’s Photoshop; Skype; and the uTorrent BitTorrent client.
“Fast and furious, incredibly fast,” said Andrew Storms, director of security operations for nCircle Security, referring to the pace of exploit postings for the vulnerability in Windows software called “DLL load hijacking” by some, “binary planting” by others.
On Monday, Microsoft confirmed reports of unpatched vulnerabilities in a large number of Windows programs, then published a tool it said would block known attacks. The flaws stem from the way many Windows applications call code libraries — dubbed “dynamic-link library,” or “DLL” — that give hackers wiggle room they can exploit by tricking an application into loading a malicious file with the same name as a required DLL.
If attackers can dupe users into visiting malicious Web sites or remote shares, or get them to plug in a USB drive — and in some cases con them into opening a file — they can hijack a PC and plant malware on it.
Even before Microsoft described the problem, published its protective tool, and said it could not address the wide-ranging issue by patching Windows without crippling countless program, researcher HD Moore posted tools to find vulnerable applications and generate proof-of-concept code.
The majority of the exploits published in the last 48 hours have been generated by Moore’s auditing tool and the generic exploit module added to the open-source Metasploit penetration testing toolkit.
Several sites have taken to tracking the applications that people have found vulnerable, including an informal list kept by Peter Van Eeckhoutte, a Belgium IT manager, and a longer one of published proof-of-concept exploits maintained by Offensive Security, an online security training company.
Among the 40 exploits listed by Offensive were ones for several Adobe products, including InDesign, Illustrator and Photoshop; a number of Microsoft-made programs, including a pair that were revealed yesterday by Slovenian security firm Acros; and other popular applications, such as Foxit Reader, uTorrent and Wireshark.
As of 3 p.m. Wednesday, more than 30 exploits had been posted.
The flood will likely continue: Yesterday, Moore updated his DLLHijackAuditKit to version 2, making it easier to use and quicker at identifying buggy programs.
“I don’t recall seeing a list like that so quickly,” said Marc Fossi, director of Symantec’s security response team. “But at the same time I’m not surprised.”
Fossi compared it to an earlier disclosure of a broad class of vulnerabilities that more than 10 years ago led to a large number of exploits in a short span of time. “It’s like when format string errors were first discovered and you had all these apps being found that were vulnerable,” Fossi said.
Format string vulnerabilities were long thought to be harmless, but in the late 1990s, researchers figured out how to exploit them to execute malware.
Moore had a different analogy in mind.
“The most recent example I can think of is the AxMan tool I released in 2006,” said Moore in an e-mail reply to questions. “It resulted in hundreds of new ActiveX bugs and used a similar model of leveraging the security community at large to identify vulnerable applications.”
AxMan was a Web-based fuzzing tool designed to find flaws in ActiveX controls, the widely-used and often-buggy add-on technology for Microsoft’s Internet Explorer.
Moore believes that the rush of exploits will be a good thing in the end. “Overall, [AxMan] worked [and] ActiveX exploits sharply declined a few months after the tool’s release and software vendors had an easy way to make sure they didn’t repeat common mistakes,” Moore said, referring to four years ago. “My hope is that having a quality assessment tool available for the DLL issue will lead to this being a non-issue in a few months.”
Some developers, such as Wireshark and BitTorrent — the latter maintains the uTorrent client — have said they have fixes in the wings, and will update their software within days.
Microsoft , on the other hand, has declined to name vulnerable applications, even though researchers filed bug reports five months ago.
“Microsoft is analyzing its own applications to identify any that are affected by this new remote vector for DLL preloading attacks,” Jerry Bryant, group manager with the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC), said in an e-mail Tuesday. “We will take appropriate actions to protect customers which may include releasing security advisories with mitigations and workarounds and security updates to address the issue.”
Until patches are available, Microsoft has urged users to download the free tool that blocks locks DLLs from loading from remote directories, USB drives, Web sites and an organization’s network.