If there was any question about whether the ERP market was in turmoil, the recent shakeup in senior management at ERP stalwart SAP that pushed out rising star Shai Agassi should have answered it.
If you recall, Agassi was denied a job as co-CEO after SAP chairman Hasso Plattner asked current CEO Henning Kagermann to retain his position until 2009 instead of leaving the job this year.
According to reports, Plattner wanted Kagermann’s hand on the wheel as SAP readied the launch of new products in the coming year.
That didn’t sit well with Agassi, the mastermind of SAP’s NetWeaver and OnDemand offerings, who was recognized as a visionary thinker willing to embrace technologies such as SOA and Web services.
The shakeup at usually sedate SAP underscored the frayed nerves in the corporate boardroom of many leading ERP vendors, as technologies such as SOA and Web services enable enterprises to turn to smaller vendors and service providers who can deliver applications that meet their demands for speed, flexibility, and low overhead.
The question InfoWorld Editor At Large Ephraim Schwartz asked industry analysts and best-of-breed software vendors was: “Does ERP still matter?” The answer he got is: “Yes, but not as much as it used to.”
Remembering the good ol’ days
It wasn’t always so. Back in the early to mid-90s, ERP was all the rage and there was little choice or debate about how to spend millions of dollars to implement applications like SAP’s R3 ERP system.
Soon, companies were swapping war stories about the complexity and disruption of ERP implementations and wearing their tribulations like a badge of honor. Why? Because ERP was worth it, the thinking went. And implementing it meant your company was not only on the cutting edge, but it had the competitive edge over its rivals.
Today that kind of thinking is out of step with the market, which is all about the add-on applications companies are willing to deploy to augment ERP.
In response to that shift, Oracle has been buying up everything in sight to expand its core. SAP, meanwhile, has a two-fold strategy: Products such as Duet, in partnership with Microsoft, and its governance, risk, and compliance solutions — one of SAP’s top new money-makers — extend the core while its A1 (All-in-One) solution for the midmarket expands its base.
It is probably fair to say that ERP software is racing to stay ahead of the commoditization of its basic functionality, with additional pressure coming from companies such as NetSuite and its hosted solution, as well as from open source and on-demand.
“ERP is no longer strategic,” says Josh Greenbaum, principle at Enterprise Applications Consulting.
In fact, just as Oracle and SAP are trying to convince customers they have what customers need, word on the street is that ERP is nearing its limits in terms of the overall value it can bring to customers by itself.
To stay competitive and to adapt to changing business conditions, companies are looking to plug in highly tailored, best-of-breed solutions, according to Vance Checketts, vice president of Global Supply Management Research at the Aberdeen Group.
Stack attack
The superior functionality and evolving technical capabilities — especially in integration — that best-of-breed applications now boast takes the main argument of single stack vendors like Oracle and SAP off the table, Checketts says.
And the claim that integrating and supporting a whole other technology stack is too difficult and expensive if you go the best-of-breed route is very much at odds with the reality of SOAs and the Web services that these new applications are built on, he adds.
But Philip Say, vice president of ERP Solution Marketing at SAP, says that, despite the hype around SOA and Web services, not that much has changed. If a company wants to do more advanced processes, they need to build on a solid foundation.
“The smart companies are asking themselves, ‘Do I want to build this on a fragmented environment that is unstable, that could break, or a tightly integrated set of systems that is proven and has a history in terms of performance?'” Say asks.
But the argument in favor of SOA and Web services is not lost on Shai Agassi, who up until March was the de facto spokesman for technology policy at SAP and a force behind the changes that have taken place at that company, before a leadership shakeup forced him to leave the company.
“My view is that with the service enablement, as we have performed through the introduction of Enterprise SOA at SAP, ERP, in combination with a middleware platform like NetWeaver, becomes the next Enterprise platform.
In a sense, this combo ‘ERP Platform’ (called Applistructure or BPP by the analysts) becomes the enterprise equivalent to Windows for the back-end processes,” Agassi said in an e-mail response. (For the full text of his answer and surprising conclusions read his blog ).
Strategy and the stack
But platform is only one of the issues that threaten ERP’s continuing relevance today. The other is the question of who gets to supply the enterprise with the next round of strategic applications.
According to Checketts and Greenbaum, line-of-business executives in mission-critical areas like supply chain, spend management, procurement, and retail believe that the disparity in capabilities between what an ERP vendor can offer and what a best-of-breed vendor can offer is large and the ROI big enough that it makes sense to buy best-of-breed. For example, ERP applications don’t do well with applications related to the procurement of complex services that rely on sophisticated requirements that resist easy cataloguing, Checketts says.
Smaller vendors that really understand their space, however, can address such challenges using SOA to build certified applications that integrate with SAP, Checketts says.
Core strengthening or brain surgery?
E2Open is one example. The best-of-breed supply chain management company offers a SaaS-based extended supply chain, inter-company solution that Oracle and SAP don’t handle as well, Greenbaum adds. Fundamentally, ERP and the back office focus on core data objects that, over time, it perfected. Human Resources has as its core data object the employee record. ERP itself has the bill of materials. Finance has the general ledger.
There are a lot of core data elements, however, that have never been automated, Greenbaum says. If you are a big box retailer or a Starbucks and your business depends on growing the number of retail outlets, then the retail contract for the lease and lease management turns out to be a key strategic object.
“Nothing in the ERP system touches that,” Greenbaum says.
But Agassi sees a danger in going off the reservation. “Core processes require a certain semantic consistency that is certified by a vendor and compliant with authorities. You do not want your general ledger going out of whack just because you connected a Web service the wrong way to a process that was assembled from multivendor pieces.
Think of the set of core processes and the master data they require as the part of the brain that takes care of the involuntary actions of our body — like breathing and digesting. You do it, but you don’t think about it, and you definitely don’t want anything messing around with that part of the brain.”
And Agassi may have an ally among one of t